Doctor: Marijuana is a needed option

Dr. Blick sits in the pharmacy at the Circle Care Center in Norwalk, Conn.  Along with synthetic medications, Dr. Blick looks forward to utilizing the benefits of medical marijuana for patients with a variety of medical conditions including cancer, glaucoma and HIV/AIDS. Photo: Autumn Driscoll / Connecticut Post

“There was a personal reason why Dr. Gary Blick became one of the nearly 100 physicians in the state who are licensed to prescribe medical marijuana.”I did this because my 91-year-old mother, who has glaucoma,” he said. “Her glaucoma eye drops had failed to produce the desired results and she was facing surgery.”

Glaucoma is a disease in which the eye typically has excessive internal pressure, damaging the nerve fibers of the retina, the delicate tissue at the back of the eye that’s sensitive to light and color.

“She was needing surgery to repair her eyes,” he said. “But after we started her on medical marijuana, her pressures dropped, and when she stopped smoking marijuana, the pressures went back up again.”

He said her testimony in Hartford last year had the legislative committee considering the bill “in stitches,” even though her testimony countered testimony of the president of the Connecticut Society of Eye Physicians, who said marijuana would not be helpful to glaucoma patients.

“So one of the senators said, `Are you aware of Gloria Blick‘s testimony?’ To which he replied, `Well, I guess it would help some people.’ To which the senator replied, `Isn’t that what we’re here for?’ ”

Blick sees medical marijuana as just one of the arsenal of options that physicians should have to ease pain and provide relief for various diseases.”

More: http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Doctor-Marijuana-is-a-needed-option-4740995.php#src=fb

Rx Marijuana: Most Readers Support Use

“In one way or another, more than 80% of MedPage Today readers have a favorable opinion about medical marijuana.

A total of 60.7% of the more than 5,600 readers who voted in our survey last week indicated they have always favored medical marijuana, while another 20.4% who had previously opposed the legalization of pot as a medication indicated a change of heart (read “My Cannabis Conversion” by Dr. Sanjay Gupta).

Many readers suggested medical marijuana is a better option than the current crop of legal opiates.”

More: http://www.medpagetoday.com/PublicHealthPolicy/PublicHealth/41176

Why Pot Makes You Feel Good

“Explaining the chemistry behind medical marijuana that got Sanjay Gupta and others to finally believe.”“Last week, CNN’s Dr. Sanjay Gupta  grabbed headlines for coming out in support of the validity of the medical use of marijuana, something he had opposed in the past. What changed his mind? …”Science”.
Here’s what he — and those studying the chemistry of marijuana — now understand.”


More: http://www.alternet.org/drugs/why-pot-makes-you-feel-good

Family: medical marijuana could help son with rare disease

 “”Everybody loves Charlie,” boasted father, Eric Byrd,”he’s just always smiling, it’s his personality, he just glows.”

Charlie Byrd looks like every little five-year-old boy and has a smile that will melt your heart. But Charlie is in a dangerous battle for his life against a rare, and even deadly, form of epilepsy called “Dravet Syndrome.”

“He keeps smiling and he doesn’t even know that he’s sick,” said Crystal Byrd, Charlie’s mother, through tears.

The Byrds say the first seizure happened when Charlie was just a few months old, the second came just a few months later when he was six months old. From there the hospital trips added up, as did the pain and the seizures.

“We quit counting, it had become a little hard to deal with,” stated Charlie’s mom.

The Byrds have given their only son everything they can find.

“We’ve tried numerous therapies, medicines, and nothing’s ever worked,” said Eric Byrd, “Today, he’s on four different types of anti-epileptic drugs. This morning he had two seizures in his sleep.”

The West Liberty family even started the young boy on medicine from other countries after doing research. Along the way they connected with other families with children battling “Dravet Syndrome.”

One case stands above the rest. Crystal Byrd pointed to a girl in Colorado who seems to have found a strong remedy, “The child went from 300 seizures to one a week, and sometimes the one-a-week doesn’t even come.”

The medicine, though, is only legal in 19 states and Kentucky isn’t one of them.

“It was the medical marijuana, the CBDs,” answered Crystal.

CBD, or cannabidiol, isn’t like other forms of marijuana, as Crystal explained, she’s not giving her son a cigarette. Instead, she said it can come in the form of an oil or even pill.

“He won’t be high from it, it doesn’t have the taboo marijuana association with it,” she said.

Still, the topic of legalizing marijuana even in medical cases has been, at times, controversial. Yet, it is on the table for politicians to consider in a Wednesday meeting in Frankfort. According to the agenda, advocates for medicinal marijuana, patients, doctors, and even a former narcotics officer will speak before a committee of state lawmakers.

The Byrds are anxious. They say if medical marijuana isn’t allowed, then they might be looking to move to a state that does allow it, like Colorado.

“I can see through conservatory, but I mean how can you look at him and not want to give him a chance?” asked Crystal Byrd.”

http://www.wkyt.com/home/headlines/Family-medical-marijuana-could-help-son-with-rare-disease-220452801.html

More surprises lying ahead. The endocannabinoids keep us guessing.

“The objective of this review is to point out some important facts that we don’t know about endogenous cannabinoids – lipid-derived signaling molecules that activate CB1 cannabinoid receptors and play key roles in motivation, emotion and energy balance. The first endocannabinoid substance to be discovered, anandamide, was isolated from brain tissue in 1992. Research has shown that this molecule is a bona fide brain neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of stress responses and pain, but the molecular mechanisms that govern its formation and the neural pathways in which it is employed are still unknown. There is a general consensus that enzyme-mediated cleavage, catalyzed by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), terminates the biological actions of anandamide, but there are many reasons to believe that other as-yet-unidentified proteins are also involved in this process. We have made significant headway in understanding the second arrived in the endocannabinoid family, 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG), which was discovered three years after anandamide. Researchers have established some of the key molecular players involved in 2-AG formation and deactivation, localized them to specific synaptic components, and showed that their assembly into a multi-molecular protein complex (termed the ‘2-AG signalosome’) allows 2-AG to act as a retrograde messenger at excitatory synapses of the brain. Basic questions that remain to be answered pertain to the exact molecular composition of the 2-AG signalosome, its regulation by neural activity and its potential role in the actions of drugs of abuse such as Δ9-THC and cocaine.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23954677

Around-the-clock oral THC effects on sleep in male chronic daily cannabis smokers.

“Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) promotes sleep in animals; clinical use of THC is associated with somnolence (sleepiness)…

These findings suggest that tolerance to the somnolent effects of THC may have occurred…

Somnolence from oral THC may dissipate with chronic, high-dose use.

This has implications for patients who may take chronic oral THC for medicinal purposes, including cannabis dependence treatment.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23952899

Loss of CB1 receptors leads to decreased cathepsin D levels and accelerated lipofuscin accumulation in the hippocampus.

“Early onset of age-related changes in the brain of cannabinoid 1 receptor knockout (Cnr1-/-) mice suggests that cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor activity significantly influences the progression of brain aging. In the present study we show that lack of CB1 receptors leads to a significant increase in lipofuscin accumulation and a reduced expression and activity of cathepsin D, lysosomal protease implicated in the degradation of damaged macromolecules, in the hippocampus of 12-month-old mice. The impaired clearance of damaged macromolecules due to the low cathepsin D levels and not enhanced oxidative stress may be responsible for the lipofuscin accumulation because macromolecule oxidation levels were comparable between the genotypes within the same age group. The altered levels of autophagy markers p62 and LC3-II suggest that autophagy is upregulated in CB1 knockout mice. Increased autophagic flux in the absence of CB1 receptors is probably a compensatory mechanism to partially counteract decreased lysosomal degradation capacity. Together, these results suggest that CB1 receptor activity affects lysosomal activity, degradation of damaged macromolecules and thus it may influence the course and onset of brain aging.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23954857

CB1 and CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists Prevent Minocycline-Induced Neuroprotection Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice.

“Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its consequences represent one of the leading causes of death in young adults. This lesion mediates glial activation and the release of harmful molecules and causes brain edema, axonal injury, and functional impairment. Since glial activation plays a key role in the development of this damage, it seems that controlling it could be beneficial and could lead to neuroprotective effects. Recent studies show that minocycline suppresses microglial activation, reduces the lesion volume, and decreases TBI-induced locomotor hyperactivity up to 3 months. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in reparative mechanisms and inflammation under pathological situations by controlling some mechanisms that are shared with minocycline pathways. We hypothesized that the ECS could be involved in the neuroprotective effects of minocycline. To address this hypothesis, we used a murine TBI model in combination with selective CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists (AM251 and AM630, respectively). The results provided the first evidence for the involvement of ECS in the neuroprotective action of minocycline on brain edema, neurological impairment, diffuse axonal injury, and microglial activation, since all these effects were prevented by the CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23960212

Cannabinoids and glucocorticoids modulate emotional memory after stress.

“Bidirectional and functional relationships between glucocorticoids and the endocannabinoid system have been demonstrated. Here, I review the interaction between the endocannabinoid and glucocorticoid/stress systems. Specifically, stress is known to produce rapid changes in endocannabinoid signaling in stress-responsive brain regions. In turn, the endocannabinoid system plays an important role in the downregulation and habituation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity in response to stress. Glucocorticoids also recruit the endocannabinoid system to exert rapid negative feedback control of the HPA axis during stress. It became increasingly clear, however, that cannabinoid CB1 receptors are also abundantly expressed in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and other limbic regions where they modulate emotional arousal effects on memory.

 Enhancing cannabinoids signaling using exogenous CB1 receptor agonists prevent the effects of acute stress on emotional memory.

 I propose a model suggesting that the ameliorating effects of exogenously administered cannabinoids on emotional learning after acute stress are mediated by the decrease in the activity of the HPA axis via GABAergic mechanisms in the amygdala.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23954749