The phytocannabinoid, Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabivarin, can act through 5-HT₁A receptors to produce antipsychotic effects.

Posted on October 7, 2015 by David

“This study aimed to address the questions of whether Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) can (i) enhance activation of 5-HT1 A receptors in vitro and (ii) induce any apparent 5-HT₁A receptor-mediated antipsychotic effects in vivo…

Our findings suggest that THCV can enhance 5-HT₁A receptor activation, and that some of its apparent antipsychotic effects may depend on this enhancement.

We conclude that THCV has therapeutic potential for ameliorating some of the negative, cognitive and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25363799

Cannabidiolic acid prevents vomiting in Suncus murinus and nausea-induced behaviour in rats by enhancing 5-HT1A receptor activation.

Posted on October 7, 2015 by David

“The cannabis plant is a natural source of at least 70 compounds known collectively as phytocannabinoids, and there is convincing evidence that one of these, cannabidiol (CBD), can suppress nausea and vomiting.

To evaluate the ability of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) to reduce nausea and vomiting and enhance 5-HT(1A) receptor activation in animal models…

Compared with cannabidiol, CBDA displays significantly greater potency at inhibiting vomiting in shrews and nausea in rats, and at enhancing 5-HT(1A) receptor activation, an action that accounts for its ability to attenuate conditioned gaping in rats.

Consequently, CBDA shows promise as a treatment for nausea and vomiting, including anticipatory nausea for which no specific therapy is currently available.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3596650/

Neuromotor tolerability and behavioural characterisation of cannabidiolic acid, a phytocannabinoid with therapeutic potential for anticipatory nausea.

Posted on October 7, 2015 by David

“Anticipatory nausea (AN) is a poorly controlled side effect experienced by chemotherapy patients. Currently, pharmacotherapy is restricted to benzodiazepine anxiolytics, which have limited efficacy, have significant sedative effects and induce dependency.

The non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), has shown considerable efficacy in pre-clinical AN models…:

This study aims to assess the tolerability of CBDA in locomotor activity, motor coordination and muscular strength tests, and additionally for ability to modulate feeding behaviours…

CBDA is very well tolerated and devoid of the sedative side effect profile of benzodiazepines, justifying its clinical investigation as a novel AN treatment.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26439367

A runner’s high depends on cannabinoid receptors in mice.

Posted on October 7, 2015 by David

“Exercise is rewarding, and long-distance runners have described a runner’s high as a sudden pleasant feeling of euphoria, anxiolysis, sedation, and analgesia.

A popular belief has been that endogenous endorphins mediate these beneficial effects. However, running exercise increases blood levels of both β-endorphin (an opioid) and anandamide (an endocannabinoid).

Using a combination of pharmacologic, molecular genetic, and behavioral studies in mice, we demonstrate that cannabinoid receptors mediate acute anxiolysis and analgesia after running.

We show that anxiolysis depends on intact cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) receptors on forebrain GABAergic neurons and pain reduction on activation of peripheral CB1 and CB2 receptors.

We thus demonstrate that the endocannabinoid system is crucial for two main aspects of a runner’s high. Sedation, in contrast, was not influenced by cannabinoid or opioid receptor blockage, and euphoria cannot be studied in mouse models.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26438875

“Wired to run: exercise-induced endocannabinoid signaling in humans and cursorial mammals with implications for the ‘runner’s high’” http://jeb.biologists.org/content/215/8/1331.long

Head and neck cancer among marijuana users: A meta-analysis of matched case-control studies.

Posted on October 6, 2015 by David

“The scientific literature presents conflicting data on a possible causal relationship between marijuana users and the development of head and neck cancer.

This study performed a systematic review with meta-analysis.

The meta-analysis found no association between exposure and disease.

No association between lifetime marijuana use and the development of head and neck cancer was found.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26433192

http://www.aobjournal.com/article/S0003-9969(15)30041-8/abstract

Control of Breast Cancer by the Endocannabinoid System

Posted on October 2, 2015 by David

“Activation of the endocannabinoid system through CB1, CB2 and additional receptor subtypes results in the inhibition of a broad range of cancers.

The endocannabinoid system was discovered through research focusing on the classical cannabinoid agonist, ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (?9-THC), and other synthetic cannabinoids.

This proposal will focus on the potential treatment of human breast cancer using cannabinoids as selective antitumor agents.

We have found that cannabinoid compounds activating CB1, CB2 and additional receptor subtypes can inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness and we have discovered down-stream targets that potentially link cannabinoid receptor stimulation to these effects.

Furthermore, our preliminary studies provide evidence that endogenous endocannabinoid tone tonically inhibits metastatic breast cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness through the activation of cannabinoid receptors.

Our preliminary data also suggests that cannabinoid compounds possess selective efficacy, having less adverse effects on the normal human cells from which the breast cancers arise.

Since toxicity in healthy tissue limits the efficacy of current cancer treatments, discovering the mechanism behind selective efficacy in human tissues is of clinical importance.

Cannabinoids can inhibit multiple types of tumor growth in vivo…

Testing the hypotheses outlined in the application may lead to the development of effective inhibitors of breast, and perhaps other, cancers.

This research may also elucidate novel mechanisms related to the anticancer activity of cannabinoids, and will serve to develop the career of the candidate in the field of cancer biology.”

http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/K01-CA111723-01A2

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/breast-cancer/

Targeting the endocannabinoid system to treat anxiety-related disorders.

Posted on October 2, 2015 by David

“The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in the control of emotions, and its dysregulation has been implicated in several psychiatric disorders.

The most common self-reported reason for using cannabis is rooted in its ability to reduce feelings of stress, tension, and anxiety.

Nevertheless, there are only few studies in controlled clinical settings that confirm that administration of cannabinoids can benefit patients with a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

There are considerable encouraging preclinical data to suggest that endocannabinoid-targeted therapeutics for anxiety disorders should continue.

In this review, we will describe data supporting a role for the endocannabinoid system in preventing and treating anxiety-like behavior in animal models and PTSD patients.

Cannabinoids have shown beneficial outcomes in rat and mouse models of anxiety and PTSD, but they also may have untoward effects that discourage their chronic usage, including anxiogenic effects.

Hence, clinical and preclinical research on the endocannabinoid system should further study the effects of cannabinoids on anxiety and help determine whether the benefits of using exogenous cannabinoids outweigh the risks.

In general, this review suggests that targeting the endocannabinoid system represents an attractive and novel approach to the treatment of anxiety-related disorders and, in particular, PTSD.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26426887

Cannabis – the Israeli perspective.

Posted on October 2, 2015 by David

“Short overviews are presented on the historical uses of cannabis in the Middle East and on the more recent scientific and medical research on phytocannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, with emphasis on research contributions from Israel. These are followed by examples of research projects and clinical trials with cannabinoids and by a short report on the regulation of medical marijuana in Israel, which at present is administered to over 22,000 patients.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26426888

Protection from Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Peripheral Targeting of Cannabinoid Receptor-1.

Posted on October 2, 2015 by David

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“Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIF) is a severe complication of thoracic radiotherapy that limits its dose, intensity, and duration. The contribution of the endocannabinoid signaling system in pulmonary fibrogenesis is not known. Using a well-established mouse model of RIF, we assessed the involvement of cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) in the onset and progression of pulmonary fibrosis.

Our results show that CB1 signaling plays a key pathological role in the development of radiation-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, and peripherally restricted CB1 antagonists may represent a novel therapeutic approach against this devastating complication of radiotherapy/irradiation.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26426981

“We report for the first time the involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB₁)-mediated signaling in the onset and progression of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIF). We were able to delay the onset of RIF by genetic targeting of CB₁ receptors as well as by its pharmacological inhibition. Thus, pharmacological targeting of CB₁ receptors with peripherally restricted CB₁ antagonists void of central nervous system complications may represent a novel strategy to prevent the development of RIF.

In summary, we provide the first evidence on the key pathological role of CB₁ signaling in radiation-induced pulmonary fibrogenesis and show that peripherally restricted CB₁ antagonists may represent a novel therapeutic approach against this devastating and untreatable complication of radiotherapy/irradiation. Our results also suggest that targeting CB₁ may provide benefits in other lung diseases associated with inflammation and fibrosis.”

http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1165/rcmb.2014-0331OC

Potential Therapeutical Contributions of the Endocannabinoid System towards Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease.

Posted on October 2, 2015 by David

“Aging can lead to decline in cognition, notably due to neurodegenerative processes overwhelming the brain over time.

As people live longer, numerous concerns are rightfully raised toward long-term slowly incapacitating diseases with no cure, such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Since the early 2000’s, the role of neuroinflammation has been scrutinized for its potential role in the development of diverse neurodegenerative diseases notably because of its slow onset and chronic nature in aging.

Despite the lack of success yet, treatment of chronic neuroinflammation could help alleviate process implicated in neurodegenerative disease.

A growing number of studies including our own have aimed at the endocannabinoid system and unfolded unique effects of this system on neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease and made it a reasonable target in the context of normal and pathological brain aging.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26425394