Category Archives: Chronic Pain

Research: Marijuana can treat chronic pain – ABC

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“SACRAMENTO, CA (KGO) — A program commissioned more than a decade ago by the state Legislature to look into the therapeutic value of medicinal marijuana is expected to release a report on its findings today, a spokeswoman for state Sen. Mark Leno said.

A UC medical marijuana research panel today released the results of a ten year clinical study and according to its report, pot can effectively treat chronic pain.

Volunteers with multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injuries were randomly treated with marijuana or a placebo. Patients given cannabis reported fewer multiple sclerosis muscle spasms, and less spinal injury pain.

In another study, the panel found that pot effectively also treats migraines.

But researchers used marijuana grown by the federal government, not the kinds available to California medical marijuana users.

Medical marijuana has been legal under California law since voters approved Proposition 215, also known as the Compassionate Use Act, in 1996.

The state Legislature clarified in 2004 that the Compassionate Use Act allows qualified patients and their primary caregivers to cultivate marijuana for medicinal use.

Medical marijuana remains illegal under federal law, though, leaving patients and providers open to prosecution in federal court.”

http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news/state&id=7283032

Marijuana Relieves HIV Nerve Pain

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“Smoking marijuana effectively relieves chronic HIV-associated nerve pain, including aching, painful numbness, and burning, according to a study published in the February 13, 2007, issue of Neurology®, the scientific journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

For the study, 50 people with HIV-associated sensory neuropathy, the most common HIV nerve disorder, were admitted to a California hospital and randomly assigned to smoke either marijuana or identical placebo cigarettes three times a day for five days.

The study found people who smoked marijuana reduced their daily nerve pain by 34 percent compared to 17 percent in the placebo group.

“Smoking marijuana was well tolerated and effectively relieved chronic nerve pain from HIV-associated sensory neuropathy,” said study author Donald Abrams, MD, with San Francisco General Hospital in San Francisco, California. “Our findings show the amount of relief from smoking marijuana is comparable to relief provided by oral drugs currently used for chronic nerve pain.”

Abrams says while some HIV patients with chronic nerve pain are able to take anticonvulsant drugs, such as lamotrigine and gabapentin, to ease pain, some patients don’t respond well to these drugs. He says that’s why there’s heightened interest in evaluating marijuana as a treatment for chronic nerve pain.

The study also found the first marijuana cigarette reduced chronic pain by an average of 72 percent versus 15 percent with placebo. And more than half of the people who smoked marijuana reported more than a 30-percent reduction in pain compared to 24 percent in the placebo group.

Participants in the study reported no serious side effects.

Researchers say similar results were reported in two recent placebo-controlled studies of marijuana-related therapies for nerve pain associated with multiple sclerosis.

The study was supported by the University of California Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research and conducted at the National Institutes of Health-funded General Clinical Research Center at San Francisco General Hospital.”

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/63333.php

Study: Smoking Pot May Ease Chronic Pain

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By Amanda Gardner
smoking pot chronic pain 200x150 Study: Smoking Pot May Ease Chronic Pain

 “People with chronic pain who aren’t getting enough relief from medications may be able to ease their pain by smoking small amounts of marijuana, a new study suggests.

Marijuana also helps pain patients fall asleep more easily and sleep more soundly, according to the report, one of the first real-world studies to look at the medicinal use of smoked marijuana. Most previous research has used extracts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in the cannabis plant.

“This is the first time anyone has done a trial of smoked cannabis on an outpatient basis,” says the lead researcher, Mark Ware, MBBS, the director of clinical research at McGill University’s Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, in Montreal.

The study included 21 adults with nervous-system (neuropathic) pain stemming from surgery, accidents, or other trauma. Fourteen of the participants were on short-term disability or permanently disabled. All of them had tried marijuana before, but none were current or habitual smokers.

“They were not experienced marijuana users,” Ware says. “They came because they had severe pain that was not responding to any conventional treatment.”

Each patient in the study smoked four different strengths of marijuana over a period of 56 days. The THC potency ranged from 9.4%—the strongest dose the researchers could obtain legally—to 0%, a “placebo” pot that looked and tasted like the real thing but was stripped of THC. (By comparison, the
strongest marijuana available on the street has a THC potency of about 15%, Ware estimates.)

The participants—who weren’t told which strength they were getting—were instructed to smoke a thimbleful (25 milligrams) from a small pipe three times a day for five days. After a nine-day break, they switched to a different potency.

The highest dose of THC yielded the best results. It lessened pain and improved sleep more effectively than the placebo and the two medium-strength doses (which produced no measurable relief), and it also reduced anxiety and depression. The effects lasted for about 90 minutes to two hours, according to the study.”

Read more: http://news.health.com/2010/08/30/marijuana-chronic-pain/

Cannabis spray blunts pain

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 Erica Klarreich

“Early trials suggest cannabis spritz may give relief to chronic pain sufferers.”

Cannabis: 5,000 years of medicinal use.Cannabis: 5,000 years of medicinal use.© Photodisc

“A spray that delivers the active ingredient of cannabis under the tongue may ease chronic pain, preliminary clinical trials suggest.

Of the 23 patients who participated in the controlled study, only a few failed to respond to the spray, William Nortcutt of James Paget Hospital in Gorleston, UK told the British Association for the Advancement of Science’s Annual Festival of Science on Monday. Seventeen have gone on to use the drug to treat their pain in the long term, he said.

“Some of the patients said it made a huge difference; others just said it lets them sleep,” Nortcutt said. “But when you’re in chronic pain, being able to sleep is one of the most important things.”

Earlier clinical trials have also shown the pain-relieving benefits of cannabis. But researchers have struggled to find a good way to deliver the drug, says Roger Pertwee, a neuropharmacologist and cannabis expert at the University of Aberdeen, UK.

“The study with a spray is very interesting,” he says. “The past clinical trials have been with pills, but absorption by swallowing is very unreliable.”

About half of the trial’s participants had multiple sclerosis; the rest suffered chronic pain from severe nerve damage and spinal-cord injuries. Although a few of the multiple sclerosis patients had been using cannabis to treat pain before the trials, most participants had seldom or never used it.

The most common side-effect appeared to be dry mouth, Nortcutt reports. Several patients experienced panic or a high during tests to find appropriate dosages. Most preferred a drug in which the active substance, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), was mixed with another, less psychoactive ingredient of cannabis. Previous clinical studies have involved only pure THC, Pertwee says.

The research comes as many groups are pushing for cannabis to be legalized for therapeutic use in the United Kingdom. If cannabis were to be made legal, Nortcutt says, the path to approval might be much faster than for typical drugs, which take an average of six years.

“There is a huge amount of anecdotal evidence that would help scientists,” Nortcutt told the Glasgow meeting. “We have to recognize that cannabis has been used for 5,000 years.” But much more work is needed to understand how cannabis might be exploited as a pain treatment, Nortcutt warned. “I wouldn’t call for it to be prescribed now.””

http://www.nature.com/news/1998/010906/full/news010906-7.html

 

Marijuana Relieves Chronic Pain, Research Shows – WebMD

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“Three puffs a day of cannabis, better known as marijuana, helps people with chronic nerve pain due to injury or surgery feel less pain and sleep better, a Canadian team has found.

”It’s been known anecdotally,” says researcher Mark Ware, MD, assistant professor of anesthesia and family medicine at McGill University in Montreal. “About 10% to 15% of patients attending a chronic pain clinic use cannabis as part of their pain [control] strategy,” he tells WebMD.

But Ware’s study is more scientific — a clinical trial in which his team compared placebo with three different doses of cannabis. The research is published in CMAJ, the Canadian Medical Association Journal.

The new study ”adds to the trickle of evidence that cannabis may help some of the patients who are struggling [with pain] at present,” Henry McQuay, DM, an emeritus fellow at Balliol College, Oxford University, England, writes in a commentary accompanying the study…” More: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/news/20100830/marijuana-relieves-chronic-pain-research-show

“Smoked cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial… A single inhalation of 25 mg of 9.4% tetrahydrocannabinol herbal cannabis three times daily for five days reduced the intensity ofpain, improved sleep and was well tolerated.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2950205/

The Endocannabinoid System and Pain

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“Cannabis has been used for more than twelve thousand years and for many different purposes (i.e. fiber, medicinal, recreational). However, the endocannabinoid signaling system has only recently been the focus of medical research and considered a potential therapeutic target. Endocannabinoids … Continue reading →

CB2 receptor-mediated antihyperalgesia: possible direct involvement of neural mechanisms.

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 “These results confirm that CB2 is present in the central nervous system and suggest that CB2 agonists may elicit their analgesic effect by acting not only at non-neuronal peripheral sites but also at neural level, making CB2 an attractive target for chronic pain treatment.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16553616

The cannabinoid system and pain: towards new drugs?

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Abstract

“The various components of the endocannabinoid system were discovered in the last twenty years. The cannabinoid system has attracted pharmacologists interest for its potential as therapeutic targets for several diseases ranging from obesity to Parkinson’s disease and from multiple sclerosis to pain. Research initially focused on cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), but, due to psychotropic side effects related to its activation, the attempts to develop an agonist drug for this receptor has been so far unsuccessful. Recently the possibility to target CB2 has emerged as an alternative for the treatment of pain. The main advantage of targeting CB2 resides in the possibility to elicit the analgesic effect without the psychotropic side effects. Evidence of the analgesic effect of CB2 selective agonists has been obtained in various models of both inflammatory and neuropathic chronic pain. To explain the mechanism at the basis of this analgesic effect different hypotheses have been proposed: effect on inflammatory cells, reduction of basal NGF tone, induction of beta-endorphin release from keratinocytes, direct action on nociceptors. Evidence in support of this last hypothesis comes from down regulation of capsaicin-induced CGRP release in spinal cord slices and Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) neurons in culture after treatment with CB2 selective agonists. CB2 agonists are probably acting through several mechanisms and thus CB2 represents an interesting and promising target in the chronic pain field. Further clarification of the mechanisms at the basis of CB2 analgesic effect would surely be an intriguing and stimulating area of research for the years to come.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19358815

[The pharmacology of cannabinoid derivatives: are there applications to treatment of pain?].

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“OBJECTIVE:

To present the cannabinoid system together with recent findings on the pharmacology of these compounds in the treatment of pain.

DATA SOURCES:

Search through Medline database of articles published in French and English since 1966. Also use of other publications such as books on cannabis.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

Recent advances have dramatically increased our understanding of cannabinoid pharmacology. The psychoactive constituents of Cannabis sativa have been isolated, synthetic cannabinoids described and an endocannabinoid system identified, together with its component receptors and ligands. Strong laboratory evidence now underwrites anecdotal claims of cannabinoid analgesia in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Sites of analgesic action have been identified in brain, spinal cord and the periphery, with the latter two presenting attractive targets for divorcing the analgesic and psychotrophic effects of cannabinoids. Clinical trials are now required, but are hindered by a paucity of cannabinoids of suitable bioavailability and therapeutic ratio.

CONCLUSION:

The cannabinoid system is a major target in the treatment of pain and its therapeutic potential should be assessed in the near future by the performance of new clinical trials.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12134594

Cannabinoid analgesia as a potential new therapeutic option in the treatment of chronic pain.

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Abstract

“OBJECTIVE:

To review the literature concerning the physiology of the endocannabinoid system, current drug development of cannabinoid agonists, and current clinical research on the use of cannabinoid agonists for analgesia.

DATA SOURCES:

Articles were identified through a search of MEDLINE (1966-August 2005) using the key words cannabis, cannabinoid, cannabi*, cannabidiol, nabilone, THC, pain, and analgesia. No search limits were included. Additional references were located through review of the bibliographies of the articles identified.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:

Studies of cannabinoid agonists for treatment of pain were selected and were not limited by pain type or etiology. Studies or reviews using animal models of pain were also included. Articles that related to the physiology and pharmacology of the endocannabinoid system were evaluated.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

The discovery of cannabinoid receptors and endogenous ligands for these receptors has led to increased drug development of cannabinoid agonists. New cannabimimetic agents have been associated with fewer systemic adverse effects than delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, including recent development of cannabis medicinal extracts for sublingual use (approved in Canada), and have had promising results for analgesia in initial human trials. Several synthetic cannabinoids have also been studied in humans, including 2 cannabinoid agonists available on the international market.

CONCLUSIONS:

Cannabinoids provide a potential approach to pain management with a novel therapeutic target and mechanism. Chronic pain often requires a polypharmaceutical approach to management, and cannabinoids are a potential addition to the arsenal of treatment options.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16449552