Increase of mesenchymal stem cell migration by Cannabidiol via activation of p42/44 MAPK.

“Migration and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to be involved in various regenerative processes such as bone healing.

The present study therefore focussed on cannabinoids which have been demonstrated to exhibit tissue healing properties…

Collectively, this study demonstrates CBD to promote the migration of MSCs via activation of the CB2 receptor and inhibition of GPR55 and to induce osteoblastic differentiation. CBD may therefore recruit MSCs to sites of calcifying tissue regeneration and subsequently support bone regeneration via an osteoanabolic action on MSCs.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24304686

Therapeutic potential of cannabinoid medicines.

Drug Testing and Analysis

“Cannabis was extensively used as a medicine throughout the developed world in the nineteenth century but went into decline early in the twentieth century ahead of its emergence as the most widely used illicit recreational drug later that century. Recent advances in cannabinoid pharmacology alongside the discovery of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) have re-ignited interest in cannabis-based medicines.

The ECS has emerged as an important physiological system and plausible target for new medicines. Its receptors and endogenous ligands play a vital modulatory role in diverse functions including immune response, food intake, cognition, emotion, perception, behavioural reinforcement, motor co-ordination, body temperature, wake/sleep cycle, bone formation and resorption, and various aspects of hormonal control. In disease it may act as part of the physiological response or as a component of the underlying pathology.

In the forefront of clinical research are the cannabinoids delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, and their contrasting pharmacology will be briefly outlined. The therapeutic potential and possible risks of drugs that inhibit the ECS will also be considered. This paper will then go on to review clinical research exploring the potential of cannabinoid medicines in the following indications: symptomatic relief in multiple sclerosis, chronic neuropathic pain, intractable nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite and weight in the context of cancer or AIDS, psychosis, epilepsy, addiction, and metabolic disorders.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24006213

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.1529/abstract

From here to eternity – the secret of Pharaohs: Therapeutic potential of black cumin seeds and beyond

“From here to eternity – the secret of Pharaohs: Therapeutic potential of black cumin seeds and beyond” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583426/

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“Anticarcinogenic effects of some Indian plant products.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1473788

“Plant products as protective agents against cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2283166

“Potential of spice-derived phytochemicals for cancer prevention.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18612945

“Antimicrobial and chemopreventive properties of herbs and spices.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15180577

“Antioxidant activity and protecting health effects of common medicinal plants.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034115

“Chemopreventive effects of Cuminum cyminum in chemically induced forestomach and uterine cervix tumors in murine model systems.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087270

“Cancer cell signaling pathways targeted by spice-derived nutraceuticals.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3645308/

“Modulation of apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cells) by a standardized herbal decoction of Nigella sativa seeds, Hemidesmus indicus roots and Smilax glabra rhizomes with anti- hepatocarcinogenic effects.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3364896/

“A long-term investigation of the anti-hepatocarcinogenic potential of an indigenous medicine comprised of Nigella sativa, Hemidesmus indicus and Smilax glabra” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475831/

“[Anti-metastasis effect of thymoquinone on human pancreatic cancer]… thymoquinone (TQ), a component derived from the medicinal spice Nigella sativa (also called black cumin)” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22007514

“Thymoquinone suppresses metastasis of melanoma cells by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome… our results indicate that thymoquinone can be a potential immunotherapeutic agent not only as an adjuvant therapy for melanoma, but also, in the control and prevention of metastatic melanoma.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23583630

“Anti-inflammatory effects of the Nigella sativa seed extract, thymoquinone, in pancreatic cancer cells” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2742606/

“Thymoquinone extracted from black seed triggers apoptotic cell death in human colorectal cancer cells via a p53-dependent mechanism.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375533

“Structure-Activity Studies on Therapeutic Potential of Thymoquinone Analogs in Pancreatic Cancer” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093961/

“Thymoquinone inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth through suppressing AKT and ERK signaling pathways” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2587125/

“Thymoquinone and cisplatin as a therapeutic combination in lung cancer: In vitro and in vivo” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2909169/

“Comparison of potential chemotherapeutic agents, 5-fluoruracil, green tea, and thymoquinone on colon cancer cells.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16817633

“Thymoquinone from Nigella sativa was more potent than cisplatin in eliminating of SiHa cells via apoptosis with down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21609759

“Thymoquinone: potential cure for inflammatory disorders and cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22005518

“Thymoquinone suppresses growth and induces apoptosis via generation of reactive oxygen species in primary effusion lymphoma.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215312

“Anti-cancer effects of thymoquinone in mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cells through caspase-3 activation with down-regulation of XIAP.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22732633

“Anticancer activity of thymoquinone in breast cancer cells: possible involvement of PPAR-γ pathway.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21679698

“Antineoplastic and apoptotic potential of traditional medicines thymoquinone and diosgenin in squamous cell carcinoma.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3471895/

“Antineoplastic effects of bee honey and Nigella sativa on hepatocellular carcinoma cells.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21147814

“Antitumor and anti-angiogenesis effects of thymoquinone on osteosarcoma through the NF-κB pathway.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23232982

“Antiproliferative properties of methanolic extract of Nigella sativa against the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23317266

“Methanolic extract of Nigella sativa seed inhibits SiHa human cervical cancer cell proliferation through apoptosis… could potentially be an alternative source of medicine for cervical cancer therapy.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23513732

“Plant crude extracts could be the solution: extracts showing in vivo antitumorigenic activity.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18390447

“Chemopreventive potential of volatile oil from black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds against rat colon carcinogenesis.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881014

“Cancer chemopreventive potential of volatile oil from black cumin seeds, Nigella sativa L., in a rat multi-organ carcinogenesis bioassay.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3436209/

“Effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa L.) and oxidative stress on the survival pattern of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12724920

“The in vitro anti-tumor activity of some crude and purified components of blackseed, Nigella sativa L.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9673365

“Antitumour principles from Nigella sativa seeds.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1555206

“Anti-tumor properties of blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) extracts.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17581684

“Anticancer activity of Nigella sativa (black seed) – a review.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22083982

“Anticancer activities of Nigella sativa (black cumin).” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3252704/

“ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY OF NIGELLA SATIVA” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3336718/

Cannabis Ingredient Can Help Cancer Patients Regain Their Appetites And Sense Of Taste

MNT home

“The active ingredient in cannabis can improve the appetites and sense of taste in cancer patients, according to a new study published online in the cancer journal, Annals of Oncology  today.

Loss of appetite is common among cancer patients, either because the cancer itself or its treatment affects the sense of taste and smell, leading to decreased enjoyment of food. This, in turn, can lead to weight loss, anorexia, a worse quality of life and decreased survival; therefore, finding effective ways of helping patients to maintain a good diet and consume enough calories is an important aspect of their treatment.

The majority of THC-treated patients (64%) had increased appetite, three patients (27%) showed no change, and one patient’s data was incomplete. No THC-treated patients showed a decrease in appetite. By contrast, the majority of patients receiving placebo had either decreased appetite (50%) or showed no change (20%).

Although there was no difference in the total number of calories consumed by both groups, the THC-treated patients tended to increase the proportion of protein that they ate, and 55% reported that savoury foods tasted better, whereas no patients in the placebo group reported an increased liking for these foods. (Cancer patients often find that meat smells and tastes unpleasant and, therefore, they eat less of it).

In addition, THC-treated patients reported better quality of sleep and relaxation than in the placebo group.”

More:  http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/217062.php

Fighting Cancer: Another Study Reveals the Cannabis and Cancer Prevention Link

“Does marijuana cause cancer? Revealing the link between cannabis and cancer yet again, researchers with the California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco have released findings that further bolster cannabis as an anti-cancer solution.
The researchers have found a compound in the much-talked-about plant could “halt the spread” of many types of aggressive cancers, including breast cancer.

The Cannabis and Cancer Link

Cannabidiol is the compound, and while it fights cancer cells, it does not produce the high feelings commonly associated with cannabis. Instead, it seems to “switch off” the gene responsible for metastasizing breast cancer.

They reportedly found the compound doesn’t only stop the breast cancer cells from growing, but even causes them to return back to normal cells, cancer-free.”

More: http://naturalsociety.com/study-positive-cannabis-and-cancer-link/

Cannabinoid receptor systems: therapeutic targets for tumour intervention.

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“The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of our understanding of the biological roles of cannabinoids and their cognate receptors. It is now certain that Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principle psychoactive component of the Cannabis sativa plant, binds and activates membrane receptors of the 7-transmembrane domain, G-protein-coupled superfamily.

Several putative endocannabinoids have since been identified, including anandamide, 2-arachidonyl glycerol and noladin ether. Synthesis of numerous cannabinomimetics has also greatly expanded the repertoire of cannabinoid receptor ligands with the pharmacodynamic properties of agonists, antagonists and inverse agonists.

Collectively, these ligands have proven to be powerful tools both for the molecular characterisation of cannabinoid receptors and the delineation of their intrinsic signalling pathways. Much of our understanding of the signalling mechanisms activated by cannabinoids is derived from studies of receptors expressed by tumour cells; hence, this review provides a succinct summary of the molecular pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors and their roles in tumour cell biology.

Moreover, there is now a genuine expectation that the manipulation of cannabinoid receptor systems may have therapeutic potential for a diverse range of human diseases. Thus, this review also summarises the demonstrated antitumour actions of cannabinoids and indicates possible avenues for the future development of cannabinoids as antitumour agents.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14640910

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1517/14728222.7.6.749

The endocannabinoid system and its therapeutic exploitation.

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“The term ‘endocannabinoid’ – originally coined in the mid-1990s after the discovery of membrane receptors for the psychoactive principle in Cannabis, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and their endogenous ligands – now indicates a whole signalling system that comprises cannabinoid receptors, endogenous ligands and enzymes for ligand biosynthesis and inactivation. This system seems to be involved in an ever-increasing number of pathological conditions. With novel products already being aimed at the pharmaceutical market little more than a decade since the discovery of cannabinoid receptors, the endocannabinoid system seems to hold even more promise for the future development of therapeutic drugs. We explore the conditions under which the potential of targeting the endocannabinoid system might be realized in the years to come.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15340387

http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v3/n9/full/nrd1495.html

Cannabinoids for Cancer Treatment: Progress and Promise

Cancer Research: 68 (2)

“Cannabinoid refers to a group of chemicals naturally found in the marijuana plant Cannabis sativa L. and includes compounds that are either structurally or pharmacologically similar to Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol or those that bind to the cannabinoid receptors. Although anticancer effects of cannabinoids were shown as early as 1975 in Lewis lung carcinoma, renewed interest was generated little after the discovery of the cannabinoid system and cloning of the specific cannabinoid receptors.

Cannabinoids are a class of pharmacologic compounds that offer potential applications as antitumor drugs, based on the ability of some members of this class to limit inflammation, cell proliferation, and cell survival. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that agonists of cannabinoid receptors expressed by tumor cells may offer a novel strategy to treat cancer. Here, we review recent work that raises interest in the development and exploration of potent, nontoxic, and nonhabit forming cannabinoids for cancer therapy.”

Full Text: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/68/2/339.long

US Investigators Praise Cannabinoids As Chemo Treatment

“Cannabinoids inhibit cancer cell proliferation and should be clinically tested as chemotherapeutic agents, according to a review published in the January issue of the journal Cancer Research.

Investigators at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health reported that the administration of cannabinoids halts the spread of a wide range of cancers, including brain cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lymphoma.

Researchers suggested that cannabinoids may offer significant advantages over standard chemotherapy treatments because the compounds are both non-toxic and can uniquely target malignant cells while ignoring healthy ones.

“Cannabinoids … offer potential applications as anti-tumor drugs, based on the ability of some members of this class to limit inflammation, cell proliferation, and cell survival,” authors concluded. “[T]here is overwhelming evidence to suggest that cannabinoids can be explored as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer.””

Read more: http://norml.org/news/2008/01/31/us-investigators-praise-cannabinoids-as-chemo-treatment

[Role of cannabinoid 2 receptor in the development of bone cancer pain].

“OBJECTIVE:

To explore the effects of cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2) in the development of bone cancer pain in mice.”

“CONCLUSION:

The cannabinoid 2 receptor plays an important role in the formation of bone cancer pain.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22490961