The endocannabinoid system and cancer: therapeutic implication

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“The endocannabinoid system is implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions (inflammation, immunomodulation, analgesia, cancer and others).

The main active ingredient of cannabis, Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9) -THC), produces its effects through activation of CB(1) and CB(2) receptors. CB(1) receptors are expressed at high levels in the central nervous system (CNS), whereas CB(2) receptors are concentrated predominantly, although not exclusively, in cells of the immune system.

Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipid-signalling molecules that are generated in the cell membrane from phospholipid precursors. The two best characterized endocannabinoids identified to date are anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Here we review the relationship between the endocannabinoid system and anti-tumour actions (inhibition of cell proliferation and migration, induction of apoptosis, reduction of tumour growth) of the cannabinoids in different types of cancer.

This review will focus on examining how activation of the endocannabinoid system impacts breast, prostate and bone cancers in both in vitro and in vivo systems. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for cancer, as identified in clinical trials, is also discussed.

Identification of safe and effective treatments to manage and improve cancer therapy is critical to improve quality of life and reduce unnecessary suffering in cancer patients. In this regard, cannabis-like compounds offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of breast, prostate and bone cancer in patients.

Further basic research on anti-cancer properties of cannabinoids as well as clinical trials of cannabinoid therapeutic efficacy in breast, prostate and bone cancer is therefore warranted.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21410463

“The available literature suggests that the endocannabinoid system may be targeted to suppress the evolution and progression of breast, prostate and bone cancer as well as the accompanying pain syndromes. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that cannabinoids are efficacious in reducing cancer progression (i.e. inhibition of tumour growth and metastases as well as induction of apoptosis and other anti-cancer properties) in breast, prostate and bone cancer. Although this review focuses on these three types of cancer, activation of the endocannabinoid signalling system produces anti-cancer effects in other types of cancer.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01327.x/full

THC From Cannabis Destroys Cancer Cells

“The study results strongly suggest that if taken regularly, cannabis oil may be able to induce remission in leukemia patients without the horrendous side effects typically associated with standard radio-chemical treatment options. Although this is only one such study, other similar studies have shown equally impressive results.

 Many of the active ingredients found in cannabis-derived drugs show exceptional promise in treating some of the greatest hurdles facing modern medical science. In addition to their aforementioned capacity for safely treating certain forms of deadly cancer, they also show great promise in alleviating autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and even inflammatory bowel disease. A growing number of experts also note their possible viability treating a range of neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s and Lou Gehrig’s disease.”

http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/natural-health/thc-from-cannabis-destroys-cancer-cells/

Cannabis Oil Fights Cancer

“Oil extracted from the marijuana plant has been shown to have extraordinary cancer-fighting properties.

A number of recent studies have confirmed the cancer-fighting, tumor-shrinking value of medical marijuana.

Although the first study to demonstrate that cannabis has anti-carcinogenic properties was done  back in 1974 by the U.S. National Institute of Health, more recent studies, which began abroad in 1999, have shown that cannabis can effectively and safely treat many forms of cancer.

Since 1999, there have now been a number of studies that clearly demonstrate that cannabis has the ability to effectively shrink tumors, kill cancer cells, and safely treat many aggressive forms of cancer, including brain, breast, skin, prostate, and lung cancer.

However, due to the political controversy that surrounds medical marijuana, some physicians still remain unaware of these valuable studies, and mistakenly believe the misguided government reports that cannabis actually causes cancer. In some cases, it may be important to educate your doctor about the important research discussed in this column.”

http://themidwestcultivator.com/marijuana-news-health/08-2011/cannabis-oil-fights-cancer

Marijuana May Fight Lung Tumors – CBSNews

“the active ingredient in marijuana may help combat lung cancer, new research suggests.

Moreover, other early research suggests the cannabis compound could help fight brain, prostate, and skin cancers as well, Preet says.

The finding builds on the recent discovery of the body’s own cannabinoid system, Preet says. Known as endocannabinoids, the natural cannabinoids stimulate appetite and control pain and inflammation.

THC seeks out, attaches to, and activates two specific endocannabinoids that are present in high amounts on lung cancer cells, Preet says. This revs up their natural anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation can promote the growth and spread of cancer.

In the new study, the researchers first demonstrated that THC inhibited the growth and spread of cells from two different lung cancer cell lines and from patient lung tumors. Then, they injected THC into mice that had been implanted with human lung cancer cells. After three weeks, tumors shrank by about 50 percent, compared with tumors in untreated mice.”

 http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-500368_162-2696726.html

Cannabinoid receptor 1 is a potential drug target for treatment of translocation-positive rhabdomyosarcoma

“Because cannabinoid receptor agonists are capable of reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis (cell death) in diverse cancer cells such as glioma, breast cancer, and melanoma, we evaluated whether CB1 is a potential drug target in rhabdomyosarcoma.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children…

 Our study shows that treatment with the cannabinoid receptor agonists HU210 (cloned THC from Hebrew University) and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC from cannabis) lowers the viability of translocation-positive rhabdomyosarcoma cells through the induction of apoptosis…

These results support the notion that cannabinoid receptor agonists could represent a novel targeted approach for treatment of translocation-positive rhabdomyosarcoma.”

Full text: http://mct.aacrjournals.org/content/8/7/1838.long

Cannabinoid receptor type 1 and 2 expression in the skin of healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis

“Cannabinoid receptor type 1 and 2 expression in the skin of healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis…The endocannabinoid system and cannabimimetic compounds protect against effects of allergic inflammatory disorders in various species of mammals. Results of the present study contributed to knowledge of the endocannabinoid system and indicated this system may be a target for treatment of immune-mediated and inflammatory disorders such as allergic skin diseases in dogs.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22738050

Cannabis and tobacco smoke are not equally carcinogenic

“Cannabis and tobacco smoke are not equally carcinogenic… Cannabis smoke contains cannabinoids whereas tobacco smoke contains nicotine (plus added carcinogens). Available scientific data, that examines the carcinogenic properties of inhaling smoke and its biological consequences, suggests reasons why tobacco smoke, but not cannabis smoke, may result in lung cancer… Furthermore, compounds found in cannabis have been shown to kill numerous cancer types including: lung cancer, breast and prostate, leukemia and lymphoma, glioma, skin cancer, and pheochromocytoma…”-

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1277837/?tool=pubmed

Cannabis Science Receives New Photos and Positive Feedback from Patient Three and an Oncologist about his Severe Squamous Cell Carcinoma

April 11, 2012

“COLORADO SPRING, Colo.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Cannabis Science, Inc. (OTCBB: CBIS.OB) a pioneering U.S. biotech company developing pharmaceutical cannabis (marijuana) products, is pleased to provide new photographs of the existing treatment for patient three who has a “worst case” of treatment resistant, Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cannabis Science has received positive feedback from both the patient and his Oncologist. These photos show the progressive reduction of the tumor masses that has occurred within the months of treatment.”

http://www.cannabisscience.com/news-a-media/press-releases/285-cannabis-science-receives-new-photos-and-positive-feedback-from-patient-three-and-an-oncologist-about-his-severe-squamous-cell-carcinoma.html

Cannabis Science Reports Second Cancer Patient Receives Clean Biopsy Report Confirming the Biopsy is Free of Cancer Cells

“Cannabis Science, Inc. a pioneering U.S. biotech company developing pharmaceutical cannabis (marijuana) products is happy to report that patient #2, who had a Squamous cell carcinoma on her arm, has received her biopsy report. It confirms what was visually apparent from the photo-documentation on our website. Her biopsy was free of cancer cells and she will not need any surgical procedure. Nevertheless, the patient will continue with her self-administered topical application of extracts for a while longer to minimize any chance of any surviving cancer cells in areas beyond what was biopsied.”

More: http://www.tradershuddle.com/20120404422008/Press-Releases/cannabis-science-reports-second-cancer-patient-receives-clean-biopsy-report-confirming-the-biopsy-is-free-of-cancer-cells.html

Cannabis Science Reports Success For 4th Brand New Self-Administering Cancer Patient

February 2, 2012

“DENVER–(BUSINESS WIRE)– Cannabis Science, Inc. (OTCBB:CBIS.OB – News) a pioneering U.S. biotech company developing pharmaceutical cannabis (marijuana) products, is pleased to introduce a 4th cancer patient with basal cell carcinoma (skin cancer) on his left nostril, who is self-administering a topical cannabis extract and having noticeable results.”

http://www.cannabisscience.com/news-a-media/press-releases/264-cannabis-science-reports-success-for-4th-brand-new-self-administering-cancer-patient.html