Category Archives: Uncategorized

Uncovering the antiinflammatory potential of Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum fermented Cannabis Sativa L seeds

Posted on by
Reply
pubmed logo

“Inflammation acts as a dual role in disease initiation and progression, while Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) seeds, known for their abundance of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals, present a promising food source. Additionally, fermentation may optimize the food matrix, thereby augmenting its developmental prospects.

This study explores the anti-inflammatory potential of hemp seeds fermented with 10 different probiotic strains.

Among these, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum fermented hemp seeds (FHS) demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory ability, accompanied by a reduction in the expression of critical inflammatory markers such as TLR4, NF-κBp65, and iNOS. Moreover, there is a noteworthy dose-dependent inhibition of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NO within a concentration range of 50 to 500 µg/mL. Subsequently, metabolomics analysis using UHPLC-QTOF-MS highlighted significant metabolic alterations in FHS compared to raw hemp seeds (RHS). Through multivariate, univariate, and correlation analyses, indolelactic acid (IA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) emerged as the main anti-inflammatory metabolites in FHS. Validation via HPLC confirmed the concentration of IA and HVA in RHS and FHS and both organic acids demonstrated lower IC50 values for TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and NO inhibition, showcasing their potent anti-inflammatory abilities. Furthermore, in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion coupled with the Caco-2 cell monolayer model validates the uptake and bioaccessibility of FHS, further affirming IA and HVA as major anti-inflammatory compounds.

Overall, this research sets the stage for the development of novel hemp seed-based products targeting inflammation-associated disorders.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38944646/

“Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) seeds have recently gained global recognition as a potentially valuable food source due to their rich protein, oil necessary to meet human dietary demands. Based on these findings, we concluded that L. plantarum fermentation significantly enhances the anti-inflammatory activity of hemp seeds.”

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-024-00285-8

Cannabidiol alleviates right ventricular fibrosis by inhibiting the transforming growth factor β pathway in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats

Posted on by
Reply
pubmed logo

“Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating compound of Cannabis with anti-fibrotic properties. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease that can lead to right ventricular (RV) failure and premature death.

There is evidence that CBD reduces monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH, including reducing right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), vasorelaxant effect on pulmonary arteries, and decreasing expression of profibrotic markers in the lungs.

The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of chronic administration of CBD (10 mg/kg daily for 21 days) on profibrotic parameters in the RVs of MCT-induced PH rats.

In MCT-induced PH, we found an increase in profibrotic parameters and parameters related to RV dysfunction, i.e. plasma pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiomyocyte width, interstitial and perivascular fibrosis area, amount of fibroblasts and fibronectin, as well as overexpression of the transforming growth of factor β1 (TGF-β1), galectin-3 (Gal-3), suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic 2 (SMAD2), phosphorylated SMAD2 (pSMAD2) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In contrast, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) levels were decreased in the RVs of MCT-induced PH rats.

Administration of CBD reduced the amount of plasma NT-proBNP, the width of cardiomyocytes, the amount of fibrosis area, fibronectin and fibroblast expression, as well as decreased the expression of TGF-β1, Gal-3, SMAD2, pSMAD2, and increased the level of VE-cadherin.

Overall, CBD has been found to have the anti-fibrotic potential in MCT-induced PH. As such, CBD may act as an adjuvant therapy for PH, however, further detailed investigations are recommended to confirm our promising results.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37187449/

“CBD may be used in the future as add-on therapy in the treatment of PH.”

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925443923001199?via%3Dihub

“CBD has potential to boost heart function in PH patients: Early study”

CBD has potential to boost heart function in PH patients: Early study

Cannabidiol inhibits lung proliferation in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats

Posted on by
Reply
pubmed logo

“Cannabidiol (CBD) is a safe and well-tolerated plant-derived drug with anti-proliferative properties.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rapidly progressive and still incurable disease.

CBD diminishes monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH, including reduced right ventricular systolic pressure, pulmonary vascular hypertrophy, and right ventricular remodeling.

The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of chronic administration of CBD (10 mg/kg once daily for 21 days) on selected remodeling parameters in the lung of MCT-induced PH rats.

In MCT-induced PH, we found an increase in profibrotic parameters, e.g., transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), galectin-3 (Gal-3), procollagen I, collagen I, C-propeptide, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and an increased number of mast cells. In our study, we observed that the TGF-β1, Gal-3, procollagen I, collagen I, C-propeptide, and mast cell levels in lung tissue were decreased after CBD administration to MCT-treated rats.

In summary, CBD treatment has an anti-proliferative effect on MCT-induced PH. Given the beneficial multidirectional effects of CBD on PH, we believe that CBD can be used as an adjuvant PH therapy, but this argument needs to be confirmed by clinical trials.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36634588/

“CBD may be used in the future as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of PH.”

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332223000227?via%3Dihub

Cannabidiol attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension by improving vascular smooth muscle cells mitochondrial function

Posted on by
Reply
pubmed logo

“Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease associated with enhanced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and dysfunctional mitochondria, and the clinical therapeutic option for PAH is very limited. Recent studies showed that cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive constituent of cannabinoids, possessed antioxidant effect towards several cardiovascular diseases, whereas the mechanistic effect of CBD in PAH is unknown. 

Methods: In this study, the effects of CBD in PAH were determined by analyzing its preventive and therapeutic actions in PAH rodent models in vivo and PASMCs’ proliferation test in vitro. Additionally, CBD’s roles in mitochondrial function and oxidant stress were also assessed in PASMCs. 

Results: We found that CBD reversed the pathological changes observed in both Sugen-hypoxia and monocrotaline-induced PAH rodent models in a cannabinoid receptors-independent manner. Our results also demonstrated that CBD significantly inhibited the PASMCs’ proliferation in PAH mice with less inflammation and reactive oxygen species levels. Moreover, CBD alleviated rodent PAH by recovering mitochondrial energy metabolism, normalizing the hypoxia-induced oxidant stress, reducing the lactate overaccumulation and abnormal glycolysis. 

Conclusions: Taken together, these findings confirm an important role for CBD in PAH pathobiology.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33859746/

“We demonstrated that CBD inhibited the hyperproliferation of PASMCs, recovered the function of mitochondria, alleviated the oxidant stress in PASMCs and inhibited the excessive glycolysis, accompanied by metabolic improvement (Graphical abstract). Consistently, CBD successfully ameliorated hypoxia-induced PAH in mice and MCT-induced PAH in rats. Taken together, our study strongly suggested that CBD might provide a promising novel potential for the treatment of PAH.”

https://www.thno.org/v11p5267.htm

Combinations of Cannabinoids with Silver Salts or Silver Nanoparticles for Synergistic Antibiotic Effects against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Posted on by
Reply
pubmed logo

“Silver has been shown to improve the antibiotic effects of other drugs against both Gram- positive and -negative bacteria. In this study, we investigated the antibiotic potential of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC) and cannabigerol (CBG) and their acidic counterparts (CBDA, CBCA, CBGA) against Gram-positive bacteria and further explored the additive or synergistic effects of silver nitrate or silver nanoparticles using 96-well plate growth assays and viability (CFUs- colony-forming units).

All six cannabinoids had strong antibiotic effects against MRSA with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2 mg/L for CBG, CBD and CBCA; 4 mg/L for CBGA; and 8 mg/L for CBC and CBDA. Using 96-well checkerboard assays, CBC, CBG and CBGA showed full or partial synergy with silver nitrate; CBC, CBDA and CBGA were fully synergistic with silver nanoparticles against MRSA.

Using CFU assays, combinations of CBC, CBGA and CBG with either silver nitrate or silver nanoparticles, all at half or quarter MICs, demonstrated strong, time-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth (silver nitrate) and bactericidal effects (silver nanoparticles). These data will lead to further investigation into possible biomedical applications of specific cannabinoids in combination with silver salts or nanoparticles against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38927140/

“In conclusion, these studies confirm the antibiotic activity of CBG, CBC and CBD and the acidic forms of these agents against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. The addition of silver, either as salts or nanoparticles, to select cannabinoids allows for much improved and, in some cases, synergistic antibiotic activity. Collectively, these findings strongly support further investigation of cannabinoid-enhanced silver preparations to assess their antimicrobial spectrum of activity and potential application in wound dressings or catheter coatings for an extended and more powerful antibiotic profile.”

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/6/473

Feature-Based Molecular Network-Assisted Cannabinoid and Flavonoid Profiling of Cannabis sativa Leaves and Their Antioxidant Properties

Posted on by
Reply
pubmed logo

“Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) leaves are rich in cannabinoids and flavonoids, which play important antioxidant roles.

Since the environmental factors may influence the accumulation of antioxidants in herbal medicines, which affects their activity, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between the chemical composition of C. sativa leaves and their geographical origin and antioxidant activity. Firstly, a high-resolution mass spectrometry method assisted by semi-quantitative feature-based molecular networking (SQFBMN) was established for the characterization and quantitative analysis of C. sativa leaves from various regions. Subsequently, antioxidant activity analysis was conducted on 73 batches of C. sativa leaves, and a partial least squares regression (PLS) model was employed to assess the correlation between the content of cannabinoids and flavonoids in the leaves and their antioxidant activity.

A total of 16 cannabinoids and 57 flavonoids were annotated from C. sativa, showing a significant regular geographical distribution. The content of flavonoid-C glycosides in Sichuan leaves is relatively high, and their antioxidant activity is also correspondingly high. However, the leaves in Shaanxi and Xinjiang were primarily composed of flavonoid-O glycosides, and exhibited slightly lower antioxidant activity.

A significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) was found between the total flavonoids and cannabinoids and the antioxidant activity of the leaves, and two flavonoids and one cannabinoid were identified as significant contributors.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38929189/

“The antioxidant activity exhibited by C. sativa leaves is correlated with the content of cannabinoids and flavonoids inside.”

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/6/749

Evidence of Cannabidiol Effectiveness Associated or Not with Tetrahydrocannabinol in Topical Administration: A Scope Review

Posted on by
Reply
pubmed logo

“Cannabis sativa is a plant of the Cannabaceae family, whose molecular composition is known for its vast pharmacological properties. Cannabinoids are the molecules responsible for Cannabis sativa potential effects, especially tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol.

Scientific development has shown interest in the potential of cannabidiol in various health conditions, as it has demonstrated lower adverse events and great pharmacological potential, especially when administered topically.

The present study aims to carry out a scoping review, focusing on the use of cannabidiol, in vivo models, for topical administration. Thus, the methodological approach used by the Joanna Briggs Institute was applied, and the studies were selected based on previously established inclusion criteria.

Even though more information regarding the dose to achieve pharmacological potential is still needed, cannabidiol demonstrated potential in treating and preventing different conditions, such as glaucoma, atopic dermatitis, epidermolysis bullosa, and pyoderma gangrenosum.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38931415/

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/6/748

Cannabinol Regulates the Expression of Cell Cycle-Associated Genes in Motor Neuron-like NSC-34: A Transcriptomic Analysis

Posted on by
Reply
pubmed logo

“Cannabinoids are reported to have neuroprotective properties and play a role in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in in vitro and in vivo models. Cannabinol (CBN) is a minor cannabinoid produced by the degradation of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Cannabis sativa L. and exhibits anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects.

In this study, we explored the biological effects of 20 µM CBN (6.20 µg/mL) on differentiated NSC-34 cells by MTT assay and next-generation sequencing analysis on the transcriptome. KEGG and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses have been performed to evaluate potential CBN-associated processes.

Our results highlighted the absence of any cytotoxic effect of CBN. The comparative transcriptomic analysis pointed out the downregulation of Cdkn2a, Cdkn2c and Cdkn2d genes, which are known to suppress the cell cycle. Ccne2, Cdk2, Cdk7, Anapc11, Anapc10, Cdc23, Cdc16, Anapc4, Cdc27, Stag1, Smc3, Smc1a, Nipbl, Pds5a, Pds5b, and Wapl genes, renowned for their role as cell cycle progression activators, were instead upregulated. Our work suggests that CBN regulates the expression of many genes related to the cell cycle, which are required for axonal maturation, migration, and synaptic plasticity, while not affecting the expression of genes involved in cell death or tumorigenesis.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38927547/

“The results obtained could be a starting point for testing CBN on models of motor neuron diseases characterized by synaptic dysfunctions and aberrant reactivation of the cell cycle leading to cell death.”

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/6/1340

Spent Material Extractives from Hemp Hydrodistillation as an Underexplored Source of Antimicrobial Cannabinoids

Posted on by
Reply
pubmed logo

“Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has been used for millennia as a rich source of food and fibers, whereas hemp flowers have only recently gained an increased market interest due to the presence of cannabinoids and volatile terpenes. Currently, the hemp flower processing industry predominantly focuses on either cannabinoid or terpene extraction.

In an attempt to maximize the valorization of hemp flowers, the current study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of several extracts obtained from post-distillation by-products (e.g., spent material, residual distillation water) in comparison to the essential oil and total extract obtained from unprocessed hemp flowers.

A terpene analysis of the essential oil revealed 14 monoterpenes and 35 sesquiterpenes. The cannabinoid profiling of extracts showed seven acidic precursors and 14 neutral derivatives, with cannabidiol (CBD) reaching the highest concentration (up to 16 wt.%) in the spent material extract. The antimicrobial assessment of hemp EO, cannabinoid-containing extracts, and single compounds (i.e., CBD, cannabigerol, cannabinol, and cannabichromene) against a panel of 20 microbial strains demonstrated significant inhibitory activities against Gram-positive bacteria, Helicobacter pylori, and Trichophyton species.

In conclusion, this work suggests promising opportunities to use cannabinoid-rich materials from hemp flower processing in functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals with antimicrobial properties.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38927152/

“Considering that the hemp flower essential oil industry generates significant amounts of unused biomass rich in cannabinoids, the strategy implemented in the current work could afford high-added-value by-products within the hemp production chain, contributing to the principles of the circular economy and sustainability. Altogether, this work can open promising avenues for utilizing cannabinoid-rich materials obtained during hemp flower processing in functional foods or cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical products with antimicrobial properties.”

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/6/485

Effects of medical cannabis use on physical and psychiatric symptoms across the day among older adults

Posted on by
Reply
pubmed logo

“Introduction: Older adults are increasingly using medical cannabis (MC). It is unclear if therapeutic effects increase problematic use patterns. The current study addresses this issue by examining symptom trajectories across the day and using trajectories to predict problematic use.

Methods: One-hundred six older adults (age range 55-74) who endorsed medical conditions approved for treatment using MC were recruited online. Participants received six text messages/day to assess momentary symptoms for 15 days.

Results: Participants provided 5,156 momentary assessments across 1,106 use days. Symptom trajectories were examined across the day. There was a decline in all symptoms following use. Negative affect, pain, and nausea evinced momentary negative reinforcement associations with cannabis intoxication. Momentary negative reinforcement was associated with adverse cannabis outcomes. Declines in post-use trauma symptoms and momentary negative reinforcement effects for negative affect were both associated with cannabis use disorder symptoms.

Discussion: These data suggest that MC may be effective in reducing common symptom clusters. However, the negative reinforcing effect (i.e., the link between use and symptom relief at the event level) may complicate the therapeutic nature (i.e., symptom reduction). Identifying interventions to maximize benefits while minimizing costs may increase the efficacy and safety of MC in older adults.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38924900/

“Medical cannabis (MC) use is increasing in older adults. MC was associated with decreases in pain, negative affect, trauma, and nausea.”

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165178124003408?via%3Dihub