“Cannabis sativa L. is a plant known locally as “El kif” of the Cannabaceae family. This study aimed to conduct a chemical analysis of Cannabis sativa seed oil (CSSO) and assess its acute toxicity, antioxidant properties, and analgesic effects.

The chemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify its fatty acids (FAs) content. Antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method and the FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) method. Concurrently, acute toxicity, along with antinociceptive activity, was studied through three distinct animal models: writhing test, formalin test, and hot plate test.

The results revealed that linoleic acid, oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and palmitic acid were the main components of CSSO. The LD50 of CSSO was greater than 5 g/kg, indicating low toxicity. Additionally, CSSO exhibited a significant content of flavonoids and total polyphenols, along with notable antioxidant activity with values. The results indicated a significant increase in thermal stimulus latency, a reduction in the number of writhes induced by acetic acid, and a decrease in licking time in both phases of the formalin test.

In conclusion, this study suggests promising results for CSSO emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic agent.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38795371/

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbdv.202400591

“The Cannabis species is one of the potent ancient medicinal plants acclaimed for its medicinal properties and recreational purposes. The plant parts are used and exploited all over the world for several agricultural and industrial applications. For many years Cannabis spp. has proven to present a highly diverse metabolomic profile with a pool of bioactive metabolites used for numerous pharmacological purposes ranging from anti-inflammatory to antimicrobial. Cannabis sativa has since been an extensive subject of investigation, monopolizing the research. Hence, there are fewer studies with a comprehensive understanding of the composition of bioactive metabolites grown in different environmental conditions, especially C. indica and a few other Cannabis strains. These pharmacological properties are mostly attributed to a few phytocannabinoids and some phytochemicals such as terpenoids or essential oils which have been tested for antimicrobial properties. Many other discovered compounds are yet to be tested for antimicrobial properties. These phytochemicals have a series of useful properties including anti-insecticidal, anti-acaricidal, anti-nematicidal, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral properties. Research studies have reported excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria as well as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Although there has been an extensive investigation on the antimicrobial properties of Cannabis, the antimicrobial properties of Cannabis on phytopathogens and aquatic animal pathogens, mostly those affecting fish, remain under-researched. Therefore, the current review intends to investigate the existing body of research on metabolomic profile and anti-microbial properties whilst trying to expand the scope of the properties of the Cannabis plant to benefit the health of other animal species and plant crops, particularly in agriculture.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38786730/

“Cannabis extracts and their phytochemicals have so far been demonstrated to be a solution.”

https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/5/253

“Cannflavin A (CFL-A), a flavonoid present in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa), has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective capacity.

Research continues to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effects of components of C. sativa, with evidence that plant-derived cannabinoids and terpenes can mediate anti-inflammatory activity by targeting toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, the sensors of pathogen-associated molecules.

This study set out to determine if TLR-mediated inflammatory signalling is a CFL-A target using the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce TLR4 signalling in human THP-1-derived macrophages. TLR4 activation promoted the production of the chemokine CXCL10 and cytokines IL-1β and TNFα. Treatment with CFL-A dose-dependently attenuated TLR4-induced CXCL10 and IL-1β secretion, with our findings also indicating that the inhibitory effects of CFL-A on chemokine/cytokine secretion are in line with an NF-κB inhibitor.

This study highlights TLR4 signalling as a cannflavin target in macrophages.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38780010/

“This study highlights TLR4-induced inflammatory signalling as a cannflavin target. TLR4 is a key player in controlling innate immune responses to infection, and targeted TLR4 immunotherapies are under investigation for chronic inflammatory disorders. This study indicates that CFL-A warrants further study to decipher its anti-inflammatory potential in terms of regulating innate immune inflammatory signalling. Our findings also suggest that the therapeutic value of components of the hemp plant C. sativa should be broadened to include cannflavins.”

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14786419.2024.2358382

“There is a growing interest in the use of medicinal plants to treat a variety of diseases, and one of the most commonly used medicinal plants globally is Cannabis sativa 

The two most abundant cannabinoids (Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol) have been governmentally approved to treat selected medical conditions; however, the plant produces over 100 cannabinoids, including cannabichromene (CBC). While the cannabinoids share a common precursor molecule, cannabigerol, they are structurally and pharmacologically unique. These differences may engender differing therapeutic potentials.

In this review, we will examine what is currently known about CBC with regards to pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and receptor profile. We will also discuss the therapeutic areas that have been examined for this cannabinoid, notably antinociceptive, antibacterial, and anti-seizure activities. Finally, we will discuss areas where new research is needed and potential novel medicinal applications for CBC. 

Significance Statement Cannabichromene (CBC) has been suggested to have disparate therapeutic benefits such as anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, and antinociceptive effects. Most of the focus on the medical benefits of cannabinoids has been focused on THC and CBD. The preliminary studies on CBC indicate that this phytocannabinoid may have unique therapeutic potential that warrants further investigation. Following easier access to hemp, CBC products are commercially available over-the-counter and are being widely utilized with little or no evidence of their safety or efficacy.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38777605/

https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2024/05/22/jpet.124.002166