“The published health benefits of Cannabis sativa has caught the attention of health-conscious consumers and the food industry. Historically, seeds have long been utilized as a food source and currently there is an increasing number of edibles on the market that contain cannabis. Cannabinoids include the psychoactive constituent, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and the non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) that are both compounds of interest in Cannabis sativa.

This paper looks at the distribution of nutrients and phytocannabinoids in low-THC Cannabis sativa, the historical uses of hemp, cannabis edibles, and the possible side-effects and concerns related to cannabis edibles. Several authors have pointed out that even though the use of cannabis edibles is considered safe, it is important to mention their possible side-effects and any concerns related to its consumption that negatively influence consumer acceptance of cannabis edibles. Such risks include unintentional overdose by adults and accidental ingestion by children and adolescents resulting in serious adverse effects. Therefore, cannabis edibles should be specifically packaged and labelled to differentiate them from known similar non-cannabis edibles so that, together with tamperproof packaging, these measures reduce the appeal of these products to children.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36501366/

“Cannabis sativa possesses many health-promoting qualities and so it has played an effective role as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments from pain, anxiety and weight gain through to conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, as well as infectious diseases such as malaria, and cancer.

Opinion regarding cannabis edibles is changing amongst consumers and most countries around the world are shifting towards the legalization of the recreational and medicinal use of cannabis leading to a rapid increase in the global acceptance and availability of cannabis edibles. “

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3330

“In this study, Cannabis sativa roots extract has been employed for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The appearance of reddish-brown colour followed by absorption peak of AgNPs at 408 nm through UV-vis spectrophotometry suggested biosynthesis of AgNPs. The size of the particles ranged from 90-113 nm, confirmed using DLS and TEM along with zeta potential of -25.3 mV. The FTIR provided information regarding the phytochemical capping. The study was further elaborated for determining AgNPs antibacterial, antioxidant, and cellular toxicity using MIC, DPPH, MTT, and haemolytic assays, respectively. The AgNPs were significantly effective against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), as compared to that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). AgNPs also exhibited remarkable antioxidant potential wherein 58.01 ± 0.09% free radical scavenging was observed at a concentration of 100 µg/ml. AgNPs revealed lower cytotoxicity where cell viability was observed to be 52.38 ± 0.6% at a very high concentration of 500 µg/ml in HEK 293 cells. Further, very low toxicity was seen in RBCs i.e. 6.47 ± 0.04% at a high concentration of 200 µg/ml. Thus, the current study beholds anticipation that Cannabis sativa ethanolic root extract-mediated AgNPs may play a vital role in therapeutic.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36519372/

“The study demonstrates the efficient biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cannabis sativa ethanolic root extract. The potency of the plant extract and phytochemically fabricated silver nanoparticles were analysed over certain parameters such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and cellular toxicity tests. The study concludes the significant effectiveness of silver nanoparticles, thus prognosticating theirs use henceforth.”

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21691401.2022.2149543

“In light of the increased popularity of phytocannabinoids (pCBs) and their appearance in beauty products without rigorous research on their rejuvenation efficacy, we decided to investigate the potential role of pCBs in skin rejuvenation.

Utilizing healthy and stress-induced premature senescent (SIPS) CCD-1064Sk skin fibroblasts, the effects of pCBs on cellular viability, functional activity, metabolic function, and nuclear architecture were tested. Both delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) within the range of 0.5 µM to 2.0 µM increased cell growth in a dose-dependent manner while significantly decreasing senescence as measured by beta-galactosidase activity.

Utilizing a scratch assay, both THC and CBD (2.0 µM) significantly improved wound healing in both healthy and SIPS fibroblasts. THC and CBD altered nuclear architecture and mRNA levels of cell cycle regulators and genes involved in ECM production. Subsequently, we found ELN, Cyclin D1, PCNA, and BID protein levels altered by SIPS but ameliorated after pCBs exposure in human dermal fibroblasts.

Lastly, we compared the efficacy of THC and CBD with common anti-aging nutrient signaling regulators in replicative senescent adult human dermal fibroblasts, CCD-1135Sk.

Both THC and CBD were found to improve wound healing better than metformin, rapamycin, and triacetylresveratrol in replicative senescent CCD-1135Sk fibroblasts. Therefore, pCBs can be a valuable source of biologically active substances used in cosmetics, and more studies using clinical trials should be performed to confirm the efficacy of phytocannabinoids.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36497198/

“THC and CBD stimulated fibroblasts’ ability to close damaged wounds, while THC induced wound healing better than common nutrient signaling regulators,”

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/23/3939

“Purpose: This systemic review assesses currently available clinical information on which cannabinoids and what range of doses have been used to achieve positive effects in a diversity of medical context.

Methods: The data were collected according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol guidelines. Inclusion criteria were articles that assessed administration of any cannabinoid to any clinical population, reported in the ClinicalTrials.gov or PubMed databases, that involved a comparison with other treatment or placebo and a result measurement to assess the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the cannabinoid. Exclusion criteria were review or letter; articles not in the English language; not full-text articles; not a clinical trial, case report, case series, open-label trial, or pilot study; administration in animals, in vitro, or in healthy participants; cannabinoids administered in combination with other cannabinoids (except for cannabidiol [CBD] or tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) or as whole cannabis extracts; no stated concentration; inhalation or smoke as a route of administration; and no results described. The articles were assessed by the risk of bias.

Finding: In total, 1668 articles were recovered, of which 55 studies met the inclusion criteria for 21 diseases. Positive effects were reported in clinical studies: 52% with THC (range, 0.01-0.5 mg/kg/d [0.62-31 mg/d]), 74% with CBD (range, 1-50 mg/kg/d [62-3100 mg/d]), 64% with THC-CBD (mean, 1:1.3 mg/kg/d [ratio, 1:1]), and 100% with tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) (0.2 mg/kg/d).

Implications: THC, CBD, and THCV can regulate activity in several pathologies. New studies of cannabinoids are highly encouraged because each patient is unique and requires a unique cannabinoid medication.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36411116/

https://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/article/S0149-2918(22)00349-6/fulltext

“Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have long been considered the gold standard of medical evidence. In relation to cannabis based medicinal products (CBMPs), this focus on RCTs has led to very restrictive guidelines in the UK, which are limiting patient access. There is general agreement that RCT evidence in relation to CBPMs is insufficient at present. As well as commercial reasons, a major problem is that RCTs do not lend themselves well to the study of whole plant medicines.

One solution to this challenge is the use of real world evidence (RWE) with patient reported outcomes (PROs) to widen the evidence base. Such data increasingly highlights the positive impact medical cannabis can have on patients’ lives.

This paper outlines the value of this approach which involves the study of interventions and patients longitudinally under medical care. In relation to CBMPs, RWE has a broad range of advantages. These include the study of larger groups of patients, the use of a broader range and ratio of components of CBMPs, and the inclusion of more and rarer medical conditions. Importantly, and in contrast to RCTs, patients with significant comorbidities-and from a wider demographic profile-can also be studied, so providing higher ecological validity and increasing patient numbers, whilst offering significant cost savings. We conclude by outlining 12 key recommendations of the value of RWE in relation to medical cannabis.

We hope that this paper will help policymakers and prescribers understand the importance of RWE in relation to medical cannabis and help them develop approaches to overcome the current situation which is detrimental to patients.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36405915/

“Cannabis has an excellent safety profile and is a historically established medicine. We hope that this paper will aid policymakers and prescribers understand the value of RWE in relation to medical cannabis and help them develop approaches to overcome the current situation, which is ultimately harmful to patients, restricting access to medicines that could bring relief.”

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027159/full