Category Archives: Uncategorized

Risk of Motor Vehicle Collisions and Culpability among Older Drivers Using Cannabis: A Meta-Analysis

Posted on by
Reply
brainsci-logo

“Limited studies have investigated the effects of cannabis use on driving among older adults, who represent the fastest growing segment of drivers globally. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure on risks of (1) motor vehicle collisions (MVC) and (2) culpability for MVCs among adults 50 years and older. Three reviewers screened 7022 studies identified through MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO. Odds Ratios (OR) were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method in Review Manager 5.4.1. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tool was used to assess the quality of each study. Seven cross-sectional studies were included. Three studies evaluated culpability while four evaluated MVC.

The pooled risk of MVC was not significantly different between THC-positive and THC-negative older drivers (OR, 95% CI 1.15 [0.40, 3.31]; I2 = 72%). In culpability studies, THC exposure was not significantly associated with an increased risk of being culpable for MVC among adults over the age of 50 (OR, 95% CI 1.24 [0.95, 1.61]; I2 = 0%). Inspection of funnel plots did not indicate publication bias.

Our review found that THC exposure was not associated with MVC involvement nor with culpability for MVCs.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36979231/

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/3/421

A Comprehensive Review on Cannabis sativa Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Molecular Docking and Biological Activities

Posted on by
Reply
plants-logo

“For more than a century, Cannabis was considered a narcotic and has been banned by lawmakers all over the world. In recent years, interest in this plant has increased due to its therapeutic potential, in addition to a very interesting chemical composition, characterized by the presence of an atypical family of molecules known as phytocannabinoids. With this emerging interest, it is very important to take stock of what research has been conducted so far on the chemistry and biology of Cannabis sativa.

The aim of this review is to describe the traditional uses, chemical composition and biological activities of different parts of this plant, as well as the molecular docking studies. Information was collected from electronic databases, namely SciFinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science. 

Cannabis is mainly popular for its recreational use, but it is also traditionally used as remedy for the treatment of several diseases, including diabetes, digestive, circulatory, genital, nervous, urinary, skin and respiratory diseases.

These biological proprieties are mainly due to the presence of bioactive metabolites represented by more than 550 different molecules. Molecular docking simulations proved the presence of affinities between Cannabis compounds and several enzymes responsible for anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiepileptic and anticancer activities.

Several biological activities have been evaluated on the metabolites of Cannabis sativa, and these works have shown the presence of antioxidant, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-aflatoxigenic, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective and dermocosmetic activities. This paper presents the up-to-date reported investigations and opens many reflections and further research perspectives.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36986932/

“At present, more than 545 phytochemicals have been described in the different parts of the Cannabis plant. The most represented metabolite class is the phytocannabinoids and they exhibit enormous structural diversity and bioactivities. Cannabis sativa is found in a wide variety of forms and environments on all continents and its pharmacological properties seem to go far beyond psychotic effects, with the ability to address needs such as the treatment and relief of many symptoms and diseases.”

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1245

Special Issue: Therapeutic Potential for Cannabis and Cannabinoids

Posted on by
Reply
biomedicines-logo

“The number of patients reporting the use of cannabis for medical purposes, whether through state-regulated medical marijuana programs or through over-the-counter hemp extracts, continues to grow. The growth in medicinal use of cannabis has in many ways surpassed the scientific data on the benefits and hazards of cannabis, and the scientific community has largely been left playing catch-up. Since 1996, when California became the first jurisdiction to legalize medical cannabis, the number of states following suit has grown and is currently at 37, while nearly 50 countries have legalized medical cannabis (and even more have decriminalized the plant) including Canada, Austria, Uruguay, Australia, South Korea, and Lesotho.

Cannabis sp. produces a number of phytochemicals with potential medical benefits including terpenes, flavonoids, and a unique class of molecules called cannabinoids, of which Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the two most studied. Amazingly, the plant produces over 100 different cannabinoids with different potential therapeutic targets and activities, and these remain understudied.

The therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids are due, in large part, to the endocannabinoid system that exists in the human body, in addition to the ability of cannabinoids to interact and signal through a large number of disparate receptor molecules.”

“Cannabis is a complicated plant that produces over 100 cannabinoids in addition to terpenes and flavonoids. Adding to the complexity of trying to address the mechanism of action for cannabis is the fact that the cannabinoids that have been studied have been reported to exhibit activity at a number of different receptors.

This makes cannabinoids (and cannabis) a promiscuous drug. While typically viewed as a negative, promiscuous drugs do offer some advantages, most notably the ability to target different pathways of a disease with one medication.

The field of medical cannabis is growing rapidly, and as patients continue to use this plant to treat their conditions, there will remain a growing need for the scientific and medical communities to better understand how cannabis can impact the body.”

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/3/902

Cannabidiol as a Promising Therapeutic Option in IC/BPS: In Vitro Evaluation of Its Protective Effects against Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Posted on by
Reply
ijms-logo

“Several animal studies have described the potential effect of cannabidiol (CBD) in alleviating the symptoms of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder. However, the effects of CBD, its mechanism of action, and modulation of downstream signaling pathways in urothelial cells, the main effector cells in IC/BPS, have not been fully elucidated yet. Here, we investigated the effect of CBD against inflammation and oxidative stress in an in vitro model of IC/BPS comprised of TNFα-stimulated human urothelial cells SV-HUC1. Our results show that CBD treatment of urothelial cells significantly decreased TNFα-upregulated mRNA and protein expression of IL1α, IL8, CXCL1, and CXCL10, as well as attenuated NFκB phosphorylation. In addition, CBD treatment also diminished TNFα-driven cellular reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), by increasing the expression of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 and 2, and hem oxygenase 1. CBD-mediated effects in urothelial cells may occur by the activation of the PPARγ receptor since inhibition of PPARγ resulted in significantly diminished anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of CBD. Our observations provide new insights into the therapeutic potential of CBD through modulation of PPARγ/Nrf2/NFκB signaling pathways, which could be further exploited in the treatment of IC/BPS.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36902479/

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/5055

A Retrospective Medical Record Review of Adults with Non-Cancer Diagnoses Prescribed Medicinal Cannabis

Posted on by
Reply
Logo of jclinmed

“Research describing patients using medicinal cannabis and its effectiveness is lacking. We aimed to describe adults with non-cancer diagnoses who are prescribed medicinal cannabis via a retrospective medical record review and assess its effectiveness and safety. From 157 Australian records, most were female (63.7%; mean age 63.0 years). Most patients had neurological (58.0%) or musculoskeletal (24.8%) conditions. Medicinal cannabis was perceived beneficial by 53.5% of patients.

Mixed-effects modelling and post hoc multiple comparisons analysis showed significant changes overtime for pain, bowel problems, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, mood, quality of life (all p < 0.0001), breathing problems (p = 0.0035), and appetite (p = 0.0465) Symptom Assessment Scale scores. For the conditions, neuropathic pain/peripheral neuropathy had the highest rate of perceived benefit (66.6%), followed by Parkinson’s disease (60.9%), multiple sclerosis (60.0%), migraine (43.8%), chronic pain syndrome (42.1%), and spondylosis (40.0%). For the indications, medicinal cannabis had the greatest perceived effect on sleep (80.0%), followed by pain (51.5%), and muscle spasm (50%). Oral oil preparations of balanced delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol (average post-titration dose of 16.9 mg and 34.8 mg per day, respectively) were mainly prescribed. Somnolence was the most frequently reported side effect (21%).

This study supports medicinal cannabis’ potential to safely treat non-cancer chronic conditions and indications.”

“Cannabis (Cannabaceae) has been used medicinally since 400 AD for its analgesic, appetite enhancement, and myorelaxant properties. Emerging evidence suggests that people with chronic conditions may benefit from using medicinal cannabis for treating chronic pain, multiple sclerosis-related spasticity, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, insomnia, and anxiety.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965412/

A Descriptive Review of Cannabis sativa Patents for Cancer Treatment

Posted on by
Reply
Generic placeholder image

“Background: Cannabis use for tumor treatment has been explored in several areas, and its potential for tumor remission is currently being studied after the discovery of the endogenous cannabinoid.

Objective: The study aimed to conduct a critical patent review to identify and explore the latest advances and therapeutic strategies using cannabis to treat cancer.

Methods: The research was carried out in the free and online database Espacenet, using the descriptors “cancer” and “Cannabis or cannabidiol” in the title or abstract. A total of 95 patents were identified for preliminary evaluation in the database. Six duplicate patents were excluded, 12 referring to traditional Chinese medicine and 36 with a title in disagreement with the scope of this review. In addition the final selection involved 21 patents that were in line with the objective of the study.

Results: As observed in the reading of patents, the interest of pharmaceutical industries and researchers and the development of new products to fight cancer have increased in recent years. The main cannabinoids present in the patents are tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and hemp. Moreover, the patents were classified and the main applicant countries were the United States followed by Japan, with a higher filing rate in 2019 and, mainly by the industry.

Conclusion: In conclusion we can say that, the importance of parliamentary approval in the cultivation and investments that, in addition to bringing innovation to the industrial sector, enriches research in the area, contributing to the creation of new medicines.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36788702/

https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/129435

“Bones and Joints” The Role of Cannabidiol (CBD) in Musculoskeletal Health

Posted on by
Reply
pubmed logo

“Cannabis has a rich history as a therapeutic tool with wide ranging applications.

The efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychoactive component of cannabis, has been well demonstrated for pain management. Further, recent orthopedic studies have demonstrated positive effects of CBD on wound healing, inflammation, bone marrow density, and fracture healing.

Despite the growing interest in CBD, there is a paucity of research on its impact on fracture risk and bone density in human clinical trials and the existing literature has significant limitations. As the rate of cannabis consumption increases, further research is essential to delineate the therapeutic qualities of CBD and its long-term effects on fracture healing and bone metabolism in order to optimize patient outcomes.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36821737/

“Cannabidiol, a Major Non-Psychotropic Cannabis Constituent Enhances Fracture Healing and Stimulates Lysyl Hydroxylase Activity in Osteoblasts”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25801536/

The Endocannabinoid System and Physical Exercise

Posted on by
Reply
ijms-logo

“The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in various processes, including brain plasticity, learning and memory, neuronal development, nociception, inflammation, appetite regulation, digestion, metabolism, energy balance, motility, and regulation of stress and emotions.

Physical exercise (PE) is considered a valuable non-pharmacological therapy that is an immediately available and cost-effective method with a lot of health benefits, one of them being the activation of the endogenous cannabinoids.

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are generated as a response to high-intensity activities and can act as short-term circuit breakers, generating antinociceptive responses for a short and variable period of time.

A runner’s high is an ephemeral feeling some sport practitioners experience during endurance activities, such as running. The release of eCBs during sustained physical exercise appears to be involved in triggering this phenomenon.

The last decades have been characterized by an increased interest in this emotional state induced by exercise, as it is believed to alleviate pain, induce mild sedation, increase euphoric levels, and have anxiolytic effects.

This review provides information about the current state of knowledge about endocannabinoids and physical effort and also an overview of the studies published in the specialized literature about this subject.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36768332/

“PE is considered a valuable non-pharmacological therapy that is an immediately available and cost-effective method with many health benefits, one of them being the activation of endogenous cannabinoids to reduce stress and anxiety and improve wellness.”

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/1989

“Exercise activates the endocannabinoid system”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14625449/

Efficacy and safety of topical 0.1% cannabidiol for managing recurrent aphthous ulcers: a randomized controlled trial

Posted on by
Reply
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies | Home page

“Background: Although topical steroids constitute the first-line therapy for recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAUs), their long-term use often leads to candidiasis. Although cannabidiol (CBD) can be an alternative for pharmacologically managing RAUs due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory in vivo effects, there is a lack of clinical and safety trials concerning its use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of topical 0.1% CBD for managing RAU.

Methods: A CBD patch test was performed on 100 healthy subjects. CBD was applied on the normal oral mucosa of 50 healthy subjects 3 times/day for 7 days. Oral examination, vital signs, and blood tests were performed pre- and post-CBD use. Another 69 RAU subjects randomly received one of three topical interventions: 0.1% CBD, 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide (TA), or placebo. These were applied on the ulcers 3 times/day for 7 days. The ulcer and erythematous size were measured on day 0, 2, 5, and 7. Pain ratings were recorded daily. The subjects rated their satisfaction with the intervention and completed a quality-of-life questionnaire (OHIP-14).

Results: None of the subjects exhibited allergic reactions or side effects. Their vital signs and blood parameters were stable before and after the 7-day CBD intervention. CBD and TA significantly reduced ulcer size more than placebo at all time points. The erythematous size reduction was higher in the CBD intervention than the placebo on day 2, while TA reduced the erythematous size at all time points. The pain score in the CBD group was lower compared with placebo on day 5, whereas TA reduced pain more than placebo on day 4, 5, and 7. The subjects receiving CBD reported higher satisfaction than placebo. However, the OHIP-14 scores were comparable among the interventions.

Conclusions: Topical 0.1% CBD reduced ulcer size and accelerated ulcer healing without side effects. CBD exerted anti-inflammatory effects in the early stage and an analgesic effect in the late RAU stage. Thus, topical 0.1% CBD might be more appropriate for RAU patients who decline to take topical steroids, except for cases where CBD is contraindicated.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36803360/

“This clinical study demonstrated that topical 0.1% CBD reduced ulcer size and accelerated ulcer healing without any reported local (signs of allergic and anaphylactic reactions) or systemic (vital sign and blood test alteration) side effects. Furthermore, in the RCT, topical CBD exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the erythematous border size in the early stage and decreased pain intensity in the late stage of RAU. Thus, CBD may be appropriate for RAU patients who choose not to take topical steroids, except for cases where CBD is contraindicated, such as being allergic to CBD, a history of drug or alcohol addiction, and a history of mood disorders.”

https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-023-03886-0

Management of Chronic Anal Fissure with a Novel Topical Hemp-Herbal-Based Ointment: A Pilot Study

Posted on by
Reply
pubmed logo

“Introduction: Anal fissure (AF) is a common anorectal disease. Although several pharmacological treatments are available, many patients still require surgical interventions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an ointment based on a multifunctional blend of herbal ingredients including hemp (ProctoFiz) for chronic AF.

Methods: A single-arm, questionnaire-based prospective study was conducted in a large tertiary center to evaluate the outcomes of patients suffering from chronic AF treated with topical ProctoFiz.

Results: Ninety-two patients were included in the study, 54 (58.7%) were females with a median age of 39 (range 17-78). 32 patients (34.7%) suffered from recurrent AF before enrolling in the study, and 5 patients (5.4%) underwent previous surgical interventions for AF. Three patients (3.2%) were lost to follow-up, leaving 89 patients for analysis. Eighty patients (89.9%) reported significant improvement of symptoms after 1 week using ProctoFiz, and 79 patients reported continued improvement after 1 month of treatment. The mean pain Visual Analog Score (VAS) declined by 6.6 points (8.9 vs. 2.3; 95% CI: 7.20 to -5.99, p < 0.0001) following 1 week of treatment, with continuous improvement to a mean of 0.64 after 1 month. Negative impact on quality of life significantly decreased from a mean of 8.8 to 0.38 following a month of treatment (p < 0.0001), with significant reduction in the number of patients suffering from bleeding following bowel movements (64.1-2.5%; p = 0.0001).

Conclusion: Hemp-based topical treatment of AF is feasible and significantly improves AF-correlated symptoms.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36814684/