“Introduction: Many states have legalized cannabis for medicinal and recreational purposes in the past decade. However, it is unclear how recreational cannabis laws (RCLs) may affect alcohol and tobacco use among adults.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 4.8 million adults from the 2012-2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. A difference-in-differences approach was used to examine the impact of RCLs on the use of alcohol and tobacco, adjusting for individual-level characteristics and time-varying state-level factors. The analyses were performed in 2024.

Results: Three alcohol use outcomes (current drinking, binge drinking, and heavy drinking) and two tobacco use outcomes (current tobacco use and smokeless tobacco use) were examined. Considering passage of cannabis laws as RCL implementation,

RCLs were not associated with any alcohol or tobacco use outcomes in the fully adjusted model. However, considering operational dispensary as RCL implementation, RCLs were associated with a decrease of 0.95 percentage point (95% CI, 1.80 to 0.09) in current drinking and a decrease of 0.48 percentage point (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.10) in current cigarette use.

Subgroup analysis showed that RCLs were associated with reductions in current drinking, binge drinking, and current cigarette use in multiple groups. However, RCLs were associated with increases in current smokeless tobacco use for some groups.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that while the overall effects of RCLs on the use of alcohol and tobacco may be limited, there are heterogeneous associations of RCLs with drinking and smoking by age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, and income.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39909135/

https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(25)00038-8/abstract