“Cannabis sativa is known for producing over 120 distinct phytocannabinoids, with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) being the most prominent, primarily in their acidic forms.
Beyond Δ9-THC and CBD, a wide array of lesser-known phytocannabinoids, along with terpenes, flavonoids, and alkaloids, demonstrate diverse pharmacological activities, interacting with the endocannabinoid system (eCB) and other biological pathways. These compounds, characterized by phenolic structures and hydroxyl groups, possess lipophilic properties, allowing them to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively.
Notably, their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuro-modulatory effects position them as promising agents in treating neurodegenerative disorders. While research has extensively examined the neuropsychiatric and neuroprotective effects of Δ9-THC, other minor phytocannabinoids remain underexplored. Due to the well-established neuroprotective potential of CBD, there is growing interest in the therapeutic benefits of non-psychotropic minor phytocannabinoids (NMPs) in brain disorders.
This review highlights the emerging research on these lesser-known compounds and their neuroprotective potential. It offers insights into their therapeutic applications across various major neurological conditions.”
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39456229/
“In summary, the therapeutic potential of cannabis sativa extends well beyond the widely studied CBD, encompassing a diverse range of lesser-known phytocannabinoids that show promise in addressing various neurological disorders. The neuroprotective functions of these NMPs, particularly their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating properties, offer new avenues for research and treatment. While the pharmacological mechanisms of many NMPs remain underexplored, emerging studies suggest their potential to develop novel therapies for brain disorders. As research continues to unfold, these findings could pave the way for innovative cannabinoid plant-based treatments that go beyond the scope of traditional approaches, offering new hope in neuroprotection and disease management.”